WadAuthor v1.30
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Short description:
A General Editor (Win3.X/Win9X/WinNT) for Doom, Doom2, Heretic and Hexen.
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 1
The Official Hexen Technical Specs
Author: Ben Morris (bmorris@islandnet.com)
Information from Raven provided by Ben Gokey
[Disclaimer]
The text contained in this document is for informational
purposes only. If you decide to use this information in any
way, neither id Software, Raven Software, nor Ben Morris
can be held responsible for any damages or losses (including,
but not limited to: dismembered bodily parts, telefrags and
lack of sleep) incurred by this information's use. Although
this is an "Official" specification, some of the information
contained within might be old, or just plain typed in wrong.
You have been warned.
!!!
NB: This version of the specs, 0.9, is a preliminary release. Most of
the information here is tried and true, but there's a good
chance there are errors in the file. If something doesn't
look right, or really IS wrong, please contact me (Ben Morris)
at the address above. Please do NOT contact me about new
versions of the specs; I will release the new versions when
they are ready. Thanks.
** Set your tab width to 4.
Page 1
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 2
ÚÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
³ þ ³ Table of Contents
ÀÄÄÄÙ
No, this isn't finished.
ÚÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
³ þ ³ Definitions used in this File
ÀÄÄÄÙ
Angle [0..255] Used in "angle" parameters to Special types:
0 East 32 Northeast
64 North 96 Northwest
128 West 160 Southwest
192 South 224 Southeast
* NOTE that this differs from DOOM/Heretic in that 45/90
degree increments are not used. However, this difference
does _not_ apply for the angles used for the THINGS in
map editing - they are the same as DOOM's (eg: 0 = East,
90 = North, etc.)
Tics Time unit of length 1/35 second. So, 35 tics = 1 second.
Octics Time unit of length 8 tics. So, 8 octics = 1 second.
Page 2
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 3
ÚÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
³ i ³ About This File
ÀÄÄÄÙ
This file was written for those who are interested in the inner workings of
Hexen. It doesn't contain playing tips or information on how to get Hexen
working on your system.
This file is intended to be supplementary to Matt Fell's "Unofficial DOOM
Specs", which probably came with your copy of DOOM or DOOM ][. Wherever
it's relevant, this file refers to a specific section in the DOOM specs (be
sure you have version 1.666!), so it's a good idea to have a copy at hand.
ÚÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
³ i ³ Introduction to Hexen
ÀÄÄÄÙ
Hexen is the sequel to Heretic, Raven Software's first collaboration with id
Software.
[..]
Hexen's major difference from Heretic and DOOM is its programmability. Hexen
features a powerful script language that can be used to create a wide variety
of in-game effects such as traps, puzzles and even earthquakes!
[...]
Page 3
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 4
ÚÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
³ 3-0 ³ Hexen Data Structures
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÙ
This section outlines the format of the new data blocks in a Hexen map - the
LINEDEF and THING structures. These structures have changed from the
versions used in DOOM and Heretic.
[DOOM Specs ref]
[3-1] The Hexen LINEDEF structure
---------------------------------
Offset Size Meaning
---------------------------------------------------
0 word the line's start-vertex
2 word the line's end-vertex
4 word line flags (see below)
6 byte special type (see [Specials])
7 5 bytes special arguments
12 word the line's right sidedef number
14 word the line's left sidedef number
[3-1-1] Line Flags
------------------
The following flags are starred with an asterisk if they're new for
Hexen:
Bits Meaning when Set
---------------------------------------------------
0 impassable - the line cannot be crossed.
1 impassable to monsters only.
2 two-sided
3 upper texture is unpegged (drawn from top-down)
4 lower/middle texture is unpegged (drawn from bottom-up)
5 secret - the line appears as impassable on the automap.
6 sound can't travel through the line, but only
for monsters' ears.
7 never draw the line on the auto-map, even with the
map cheat enabled.
8 the line is always drawn on the auto-map, even if it
hasn't been seen by the player.
* 9 the line's special ([3-1]) is repeatable, ie: it can
be activated more than once.
* 10..12 the line's special activation, ie: how the special is
Page 4
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 5
activated.
Value Activated when...
---------------------------------------------
0 Player crosses the line
1 Player uses the line with the use key
2 Monster crosses the line
3 Projectile impacts the wall
4 Player pushes the wall
5 Projectile crosses the line
To get the special activation, use the following formula:
activation := (line.flags BITAND 0x1C00) BITSHIFTRIGHT 10
[3-2] The Hexen THING structure
-------------------------------
Offset Size Meaning
---------------------------------------------------
* 0 word thing ID - used in scripts and specials to
identify a THING or a set of THINGs.
2 word x-position on the map
4 word y-position on the map
* 6 word starting altitude on the map - the THING
is created at this altitude above the floor
of the sector it's in when the map is entered,
and is immediately subjected to gravity.
8 word the angle the thing is facing when the map
is entered.
10 word the thing type (see [3-2-2].)
* 12 word thing flags (see [3-2-1].)
14 byte special type (see [Specials]). a thing's
special is activated when the thing is
killed (Monster), destroyed (Tree, Urn, etc.),
or picked up (Artifact, Puzzle Piece.)
15 5 bytes special arguments
[3-2-1] Thing Flags
-------------------
The following flags are starred with an asterisk if they're new for
Hexen:
Bits Meaning when Set
---------------------------------------------------
0 the thing appears on the Easy skill settings (1-2)
1 the thing appears on the Normal skill setting (3)
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HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 6
2 the thing appears on the Hard skill settings (4-5)
3 the thing is deaf - it sits around until it's
hurt, or until it sees a player.
* 4 the thing is dormant - it never wakes up until it's
activated using the Thing_Activate() special.
* 5 the thing appears for the Fighter class.
* 6 the thing appears for the Cleric class.
* 7 the thing appears for the Mage class.
* 8 the thing appears in single-player games.
* 9 the thing appears in cooperative games.
* 10 the thing appears in deathmatch games.
Each "thing appears" flag must be set for each condition under which the
thing is to appear. For multi-player games involving more than one
class, a thing that is set for one of the classes involved will also appear
for the other two classes in the game.
For example, if you set the three pieces of the Fighter's sword to appear
for only the Fighter (bit 5 is set) and in Deathmatch (bit 10 is set),
if a Mage or a Cleric is also playing, the pieces of the sword will be
visible to them, too.
[3-2-2] Thing Types
-------------------
Creatures as well as some objects can be activated and/or deactivated with
the ThingActivate and ThingDeactivate line specials.
Creatures will freeze when deactivated and resume when activated.
Activation can also be used to bring a "dormant" creature to life.
If a creature has a special, that special will be activated upon its death.
Also, if the creature is teleported away using the banishment device
(teleport other), the special will be activated and then removed from the
creature.
Type Name
-----------------------------------------------------------
1 Player_1_start
2 Player_2_start
3 Player_3_start
4 Player_4_start
11 Player_Deathmatch
14 Player_TeleportSpot
10 2C_SerpentStaff
8010 2F_Axe
53 2M_ConeOfShards
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HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 7
8009 3C_Firestorm
123 3F_Hammer
8040 3M_Lightning
20 4C_1Shaft
19 4C_2Cross
18 4C_3Arc
16 4F_1Hilt
13 4F_2Crosspiece
12 4F_3Blade
23 4M_1Stick
22 4M_2Stub
21 4M_3Skull
10110 A_Flechette
8003 A_BoostMana
8002 A_BootsOfSpeed
8041 A_Bracers
84 A_IconOfDefender
30 A_Porkelator
83 A_WingsOfWrath
32 A_HealingComplete (Urn)
82 A_HealingHefty (Flask)
81 A_HealingWimpy (Vial)
10120 A_HealRadius
8000 A_Repulsion
86 A_DarkServant
36 A_ChaosDevice
33 A_Torch
10040 A_Banishment
8008 Ar_Amulet
8005 Ar_Armor
8007 Ar_Helmet
8006 Ar_Shield
114 C_Bishop
107 C_Centaur
115 C_CentaurLeader
10101 C_ClericBoss
31 C_Demon
8080 C_Demon2
254 C_Dragon
10030 C_Ettin
10100 C_FighterBoss
10060 C_FireImp
112 C_Fly
10080 C_Heresiarch
8020 C_IceGuy
10200 C_Korax
10102 C_MageBoss
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HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 8
121 C_Serpent
120 C_SerpentLeader
34 C_Wraith
10011 C_Wraith2
8032 K_AxeKey
8034 K_CastleKey
8031 K_CaveKey
8035 K_DungeonKey
8033 K_FireKey
8200 K_GoldKey
8037 K_RustyKey
8036 K_SilverKey
8030 K_SteelKey
8039 K_SwampKey
8038 K_WasteKey
122 Mana_1
124 Mana_2
8004 ManaCombined
3000 PO_Anchor
3001 PO_StartSpot
3002 PO_StartSpot_Crush
1410 SE_Wind
10225 Spawn_Bat
10000 Spawn_Fog
10001 Spawn_Fog_a
10002 Spawn_Fog_b
10003 Spawn_Fog_c
113 Spawn_Leaf
10090 Spike_Down
10091 Spike_Up
1403 SS_Creak
1408 SS_EarthCrack
1401 SS_Heavy
1407 SS_Ice
1405 SS_Lava
1402 SS_Metal
1409 SS_Metal2
1404 SS_Silent
1400 SS_Stone
1406 SS_Water
9001 X_MapSpot
9013 X_MapSpotGravity
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HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 9
8064 Z_ArmorSuit
77 Z_Banner
8100 Z_Barrel
8065 Z_Bell
8066 Z_BlueCandle
8061 Z_BrassBrazier
8103 Z_Bucket
119 Z_Candle
8069 Z_Cauldron
8070 Z_Cauldron_Unlit
8071 Z_Chain32
8072 Z_Chain64
8073 Z_ChainHeart
8074 Z_ChainLHook
8075 Z_ChainSHook
8077 Z_ChainSkull
8076 Z_ChainSpikeBall
17 Z_Chandelier
8063 Z_Chandelier_Unlit
8042 Z_FireBull
8043 Z_FireBull_Unlit
8060 Z_FireSkull
118 Z_GlitterBridge
10503 Z_LargeFlame_Permanent
10502 Z_LargeFlame_Timed
10501 Z_SmallFlame_Permanent
10500 Z_SmallFlame_Timed
140 Z_TeleportSmoke
116 Z_TwinedTorch
117 Z_TwinedTorch_Unlit
103 Z_VasePillar
54 Z_Wall_Torch_Lit
55 Z_Wall_Torch_Unlit
5 Z_WingedStatue
6 ZC_Rock1
7 ZC_Rock2
9 ZC_Rock3
15 ZC_Rock4
41 ZC_ShroomLarge
42 ZC_ShroomSmall1
44 ZC_ShroomSmall2
45 ZC_ShroomSmall3
52 ZC_StalactiteLarge
56 ZC_StalactiteMedium
57 ZC_StalactiteSmall
48 ZC_Stalagmite_Pillar
49 ZC_StalagmiteLarge
50 ZC_StalagmiteMedium
51 ZC_StalagmiteSmall
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HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 10
8062 ZF_DestructibleTree
8068 ZF_Hedge
8104 ZF_ShroomBoom
39 ZF_ShroomLarge1
40 ZF_ShroomLarge2
46 ZF_ShroomSmall1
47 ZF_ShroomSmall2
8101 ZF_Shrub1
8102 ZF_Shrub2
29 ZF_StumpBare
28 ZF_StumpBurned
24 ZF_TreeDead
25 ZF_TreeDestructible
80 ZF_TreeGnarled1
87 ZF_TreeGnarled2
78 ZF_TreeLarge1
79 ZF_TreeLarge2
111 ZG_BloodPool
71 ZG_CorpseHanging
61 ZG_CorpseKabob
108 ZG_CorpseLynched
109 ZG_CorpseNoHeart
110 ZG_CorpseSitting
62 ZG_CorpseSleeping
8067 ZG_IronMaiden
65 ZG_TombstoneBigCross
69 ZG_TombstoneBrianP
66 ZG_TombstoneBrianR
67 ZG_TombstoneCrossCircle
63 ZG_TombstoneRIP
64 ZG_TombstoneShane
68 ZG_TombstoneSmallCross
93 ZI_IceSpikeLarge
94 ZI_IceSpikeMedium
95 ZI_IceSpikeSmall
89 ZI_IcicleLarge
90 ZI_IcicleMedium
91 ZI_IcicleSmall
8502 ZM_CandleWeb
8509 ZM_CleaverMeat
8508 ZM_GobletSilver
8507 ZM_GobletSmall
8505 ZM_GobletSpill
8506 ZM_GobletTall
8504 ZM_LgCandle
8500 ZM_LgStein
104 ZM_Pot1
105 ZM_Pot2
106 ZM_Pot3
100 ZM_Rubble1
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HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 11
101 ZM_Rubble2
102 ZM_Rubble3
8503 ZM_SmCandle
8501 ZM_SmStein
8051 ZP_GargBrnzShort
8047 ZP_GargBrnzTall
8044 ZP_GargCorrode
76 ZP_GargIceShort
73 ZP_GargIceTall
8050 ZP_GargLavaBrtShort
8046 ZP_GargLavaBrtTall
8049 ZP_GargLavaDrkShort
8045 ZP_GargLavaDrkTall
74 ZP_GargPortalShort
72 ZP_GargPortalTall
8052 ZP_GargStlShort
8048 ZP_GargStlTall
88 ZS_Log
58 ZS_Moss1
59 ZS_Moss2
37 ZS_Stump1
38 ZS_Stump2
27 ZS_Tree1
26 ZS_Tree2
60 ZS_Vine
99 ZW_RockBlack
97 ZW_RockBrownLarge
98 ZW_RockBrownSmall
9003 ZZ_BigGem
9007 ZZ_Book1
9008 ZZ_Book2
9016 ZZ_CWeapon
9015 ZZ_FWeapon
9018 ZZ_Gear
9019 ZZ_Gear2
9020 ZZ_Gear3
9021 ZZ_Gear4
9006 ZZ_GemBlue1
9010 ZZ_GemBlue2
9005 ZZ_GemGreen1
9009 ZZ_GemGreen2
9012 ZZ_GemPedestal
9004 ZZ_GemRed
9017 ZZ_MWeapon
9002 ZZ_Skull
9014 ZZ_Skull2
9011 ZZ_WingedStatueNoSkull
Page 11
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 12
ÚÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
³ 4-0 ³ Hexen Script Language
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÙ
The Hexen Script Language is called the "Action Code Script", or ACS.
Each map has an ACS file that contains the scripts specific to that map. The
scripts within it are identified using numbers that the general special
ACS_Execute() uses. A script itself can call the ACS_Execute() special
(actually quite common), which will spawn another script that will run
concurrently with the rest of the scripts. A script can also be declared as
OPEN, which will make it run automatically upon entering the map. This is
used for perpetual type effects, level initialization, etc. The compiler
takes the ACS file and produces and object file that is the last lump in the
map WAD (BEHAVIOR).
To create a compiled ACS file from a text script, use the DOS command:
c:hexen> acs filename [enter]
This command will produce 'filename.o' from 'filename.acs'. The contents of
the output file (filename.o) can be directly used as the BEHAVIOR lump of the
map it's used with.
Map scripts should start with #include "common.acs", which is just...
#include "specials.acs"
#include "defs.acs"
#include "wvars.acs"
The file "specials.acs" defines all the general specials. These are used
within scripts just like function calls. The file "defs.acs" defines a
bunch of constants that are used by the scripts. The file "wvars.acs"
defines all the world variables. It needs to be included by all maps so
they use consistent indexing.
[4-1] Variables and their Scope
--------------------------------
There is only one data type ACS, a 4 byte integer. Use the keyword int to
declare an integer variable. You may also use the keyword str, it is
synonymous with int. It's used to indicate that you'll be using the
variable as a string. The compiler doesn't use string pointers, it uses
string handles, which are just integers.
Declaring a variable is simple. There are two "types" of variable - "str"
and "int":
Page 12
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 13
str mystring;
int myint;
or:
str texture, sound;
int i, tid;
* Note: You can't assign a variable in its declaration; you must give it a
value in a different expression.
The SCOPE of a variable is one of World-scope, Map-scope, or Script-scope.
- World-scope variables are global, and can be accessed in any map.
Hexen maintains [n] permanent globals, numbered 0-[n-1]. You must
assign one of the globals a name in order to access it, like this:
world int 5:Grunt;
This tells Hexen to reference world global number 5 whenever it
encounters the name "Grunt".
- Map-scope variables are local to the current map. They must be
declared outside of any script code, but without the world keyword.
These variables can't be accessed in any other map.
- Script-scope variables are local to the current script - they
can't be accessed by any other script or map.
Here's some code that shows the declaration of all three scopes:
world int 3:DungeonAccess; // World-scope
int mapTimer; // Map-scope
script 4 (void)
{
int x, y; // Script-scope
...
}
[4-2] Language Structure
------------------------
Here is a quick reference manual type definition of the language. It
ends with a description of all the internal functions.
Page 13
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 14
[4-2-1] Keywords
----------------
The following identifiers are reserved for use as keywords, and may
not be used otherwise:
break
case
const
continue
default
define
do
else
goto
if
include
int
open
print
printbold
restart
script
special
str
suspend
switch
terminate
until
void
while
world
[4-2-2] Comments
----------------
Comments are ignored by the script compiler.
/*
This is a comment.
*/
int a; // And this is a comment
[4-2-3] World-variable definitions
----------------------------------
world int : ;
Page 14
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 15
world int : , ... ;
[4-2-4] Map-variable definitions
--------------------------------
Declares a variable local to the current map.
int ;
str ;
int , ... ;
[4-2-5] Include Directive
-------------------------
Includes the source of the specified file and compiles it.
#include
[4-2-5] Define Directive
------------------------
Replaces an identifier with a constant expression.
#define
[4-2-6] Constant Expressions
----------------------------
:
decimal 200
hexadecimal 0x00a0, 0x00A0
fixed point 32.0, 0.5, 103.329
any radix_digits
binary 2_01001010
octal 8_072310
decimal 10_50025
hexadecimal 16_00a03f2
[4-2-7] String Literals
-----------------------
: "string"
Page 15
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 16
[4-2-6] Script Definitions
--------------------------
To define a script:
:
script ( ) { }
script OPEN { }
eg:
script 10 (void) { ... }
script 5 OPEN { ... }
* Note that OPEN scripts do not take arguments.
[4-2-6] Statements
------------------
:
[4-2-6-1] Declaration Statements
--------------------------------
Delcaration statements create script variables.
:
int ;
int , , ... ;
[4-2-6-1] Assignment Statements
-------------------------------
Assigns an expression to a variable.
Page 16
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 17
:
;
:
=
+=
-=
*=
/=
%=
* Note: An assignment of the form V= E is equivalent to V = V E.
For example:
A += 5; is the same as
A = A + 5;
[4-2-6-2] Compound Statements
-----------------------------
:
{ }
:
<...>
[4-2-6-3] Switch Statements
---------------------------
A switch statement evaluates an integral expression and passes control to the
code following the matched case.
:
switch ( ) { }
:
case :
default :
Example:
switch (a)
{
case 1: // when a == 1
b = 1; // .. this is executed,
break; // and this breaks out of the switch().
case 2: // when a == 2
Page 17
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 18
b = 8; // .. this is executed,
// but there is no break, so it continues to the next
// case, even though a != 3.
case 3: // when a == 3
b = 666; // .. this is executed,
break; // and this breaks out of the switch().
default: // when none of the other cases match,
b = 777; // .. this is executed.
}
* Note for C users: While C only allows integral expressions in a switch
statement, ACS allows full expressions such as "a + 10".
[4-2-6-4] Jump Statements
-------------------------
A jump statement passes control to another portion of the script.
:
continue ;
break ;
restart ;
[4-2-6-5] Iteration Statements
------------------------------
:
while ( )
until ( )
do while ( ) ;
do until ( ) ;
for ( ; ; )
The continue, break and restart keywords can be used in an iteration
statement:
- the continue keyword jumps to the end of the last in the
iteration-statement. The loop continues.
- the break keyword jumps right out of the iteration-statement.
[4-2-6-6] Function Statements
-----------------------------
Page 18
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 19
A function statement calls a Hexen internal-function, or a Hexen
linespecial-function.
:
|
:
( , ... ) ;
( const : , ... ) ;
:
( , ... ) ;
( const : , ... ) ;
[4-2-6-7] Print Statements
--------------------------
:
print ( : , ... ) ;
printbold ( : , ... ) ;
:
s string
d decimal
c constant
[4-2-6-8] Selection Statements
------------------------------
:
if ( )
if ( ) else
[4-2-6-9] Control Statements
----------------------------
:
suspend ; // suspends the script
terminate ; // terminates the script
[4-2-7] Internal Functions
--------------------------
void tagwait(int tag);
----------------------
Page 19
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 20
The current script is suspended until all sectors marked with
are inactive.
void polywait(int po);
----------------------
The current script is suspended until the polyobj marked with
is incactive.
void scriptwait(int script);
----------------------------
The current script is suspended until the script specified by
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 1
The Official Hexen Technical Specs
Author: Ben Morris (bmorris@islandnet.com)
Information from Raven provided by Ben Gokey
[Disclaimer]
The text contained in this document is for informational
purposes only. If you decide to use this information in any
way, neither id Software, Raven Software, nor Ben Morris
can be held responsible for any damages or losses (including,
but not limited to: dismembered bodily parts, telefrags and
lack of sleep) incurred by this information's use. Although
this is an "Official" specification, some of the information
contained within might be old, or just plain typed in wrong.
You have been warned.
!!!
NB: This version of the specs, 0.9, is a preliminary release. Most of
the information here is tried and true, but there's a good
chance there are errors in the file. If something doesn't
look right, or really IS wrong, please contact me (Ben Morris)
at the address above. Please do NOT contact me about new
versions of the specs; I will release the new versions when
they are ready. Thanks.
** Set your tab width to 4.
Page 1
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 2
ÚÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
³ þ ³ Table of Contents
ÀÄÄÄÙ
No, this isn't finished.
ÚÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
³ þ ³ Definitions used in this File
ÀÄÄÄÙ
Angle [0..255] Used in "angle" parameters to Special types:
0 East 32 Northeast
64 North 96 Northwest
128 West 160 Southwest
192 South 224 Southeast
* NOTE that this differs from DOOM/Heretic in that 45/90
degree increments are not used. However, this difference
does _not_ apply for the angles used for the THINGS in
map editing - they are the same as DOOM's (eg: 0 = East,
90 = North, etc.)
Tics Time unit of length 1/35 second. So, 35 tics = 1 second.
Octics Time unit of length 8 tics. So, 8 octics = 1 second.
Page 2
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 3
ÚÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
³ i ³ About This File
ÀÄÄÄÙ
This file was written for those who are interested in the inner workings of
Hexen. It doesn't contain playing tips or information on how to get Hexen
working on your system.
This file is intended to be supplementary to Matt Fell's "Unofficial DOOM
Specs", which probably came with your copy of DOOM or DOOM ][. Wherever
it's relevant, this file refers to a specific section in the DOOM specs (be
sure you have version 1.666!), so it's a good idea to have a copy at hand.
ÚÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
³ i ³ Introduction to Hexen
ÀÄÄÄÙ
Hexen is the sequel to Heretic, Raven Software's first collaboration with id
Software.
[..]
Hexen's major difference from Heretic and DOOM is its programmability. Hexen
features a powerful script language that can be used to create a wide variety
of in-game effects such as traps, puzzles and even earthquakes!
[...]
Page 3
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 4
ÚÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
³ 3-0 ³ Hexen Data Structures
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÙ
This section outlines the format of the new data blocks in a Hexen map - the
LINEDEF and THING structures. These structures have changed from the
versions used in DOOM and Heretic.
[DOOM Specs ref]
[3-1] The Hexen LINEDEF structure
---------------------------------
Offset Size Meaning
---------------------------------------------------
0 word the line's start-vertex
2 word the line's end-vertex
4 word line flags (see below)
6 byte special type (see [Specials])
7 5 bytes special arguments
12 word the line's right sidedef number
14 word the line's left sidedef number
[3-1-1] Line Flags
------------------
The following flags are starred with an asterisk if they're new for
Hexen:
Bits Meaning when Set
---------------------------------------------------
0 impassable - the line cannot be crossed.
1 impassable to monsters only.
2 two-sided
3 upper texture is unpegged (drawn from top-down)
4 lower/middle texture is unpegged (drawn from bottom-up)
5 secret - the line appears as impassable on the automap.
6 sound can't travel through the line, but only
for monsters' ears.
7 never draw the line on the auto-map, even with the
map cheat enabled.
8 the line is always drawn on the auto-map, even if it
hasn't been seen by the player.
* 9 the line's special ([3-1]) is repeatable, ie: it can
be activated more than once.
* 10..12 the line's special activation, ie: how the special is
Page 4
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 5
activated.
Value Activated when...
---------------------------------------------
0 Player crosses the line
1 Player uses the line with the use key
2 Monster crosses the line
3 Projectile impacts the wall
4 Player pushes the wall
5 Projectile crosses the line
To get the special activation, use the following formula:
activation := (line.flags BITAND 0x1C00) BITSHIFTRIGHT 10
[3-2] The Hexen THING structure
-------------------------------
Offset Size Meaning
---------------------------------------------------
* 0 word thing ID - used in scripts and specials to
identify a THING or a set of THINGs.
2 word x-position on the map
4 word y-position on the map
* 6 word starting altitude on the map - the THING
is created at this altitude above the floor
of the sector it's in when the map is entered,
and is immediately subjected to gravity.
8 word the angle the thing is facing when the map
is entered.
10 word the thing type (see [3-2-2].)
* 12 word thing flags (see [3-2-1].)
14 byte special type (see [Specials]). a thing's
special is activated when the thing is
killed (Monster), destroyed (Tree, Urn, etc.),
or picked up (Artifact, Puzzle Piece.)
15 5 bytes special arguments
[3-2-1] Thing Flags
-------------------
The following flags are starred with an asterisk if they're new for
Hexen:
Bits Meaning when Set
---------------------------------------------------
0 the thing appears on the Easy skill settings (1-2)
1 the thing appears on the Normal skill setting (3)
Page 5
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 6
2 the thing appears on the Hard skill settings (4-5)
3 the thing is deaf - it sits around until it's
hurt, or until it sees a player.
* 4 the thing is dormant - it never wakes up until it's
activated using the Thing_Activate() special.
* 5 the thing appears for the Fighter class.
* 6 the thing appears for the Cleric class.
* 7 the thing appears for the Mage class.
* 8 the thing appears in single-player games.
* 9 the thing appears in cooperative games.
* 10 the thing appears in deathmatch games.
Each "thing appears" flag must be set for each condition under which the
thing is to appear. For multi-player games involving more than one
class, a thing that is set for one of the classes involved will also appear
for the other two classes in the game.
For example, if you set the three pieces of the Fighter's sword to appear
for only the Fighter (bit 5 is set) and in Deathmatch (bit 10 is set),
if a Mage or a Cleric is also playing, the pieces of the sword will be
visible to them, too.
[3-2-2] Thing Types
-------------------
Creatures as well as some objects can be activated and/or deactivated with
the ThingActivate and ThingDeactivate line specials.
Creatures will freeze when deactivated and resume when activated.
Activation can also be used to bring a "dormant" creature to life.
If a creature has a special, that special will be activated upon its death.
Also, if the creature is teleported away using the banishment device
(teleport other), the special will be activated and then removed from the
creature.
Type Name
-----------------------------------------------------------
1 Player_1_start
2 Player_2_start
3 Player_3_start
4 Player_4_start
11 Player_Deathmatch
14 Player_TeleportSpot
10 2C_SerpentStaff
8010 2F_Axe
53 2M_ConeOfShards
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HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 7
8009 3C_Firestorm
123 3F_Hammer
8040 3M_Lightning
20 4C_1Shaft
19 4C_2Cross
18 4C_3Arc
16 4F_1Hilt
13 4F_2Crosspiece
12 4F_3Blade
23 4M_1Stick
22 4M_2Stub
21 4M_3Skull
10110 A_Flechette
8003 A_BoostMana
8002 A_BootsOfSpeed
8041 A_Bracers
84 A_IconOfDefender
30 A_Porkelator
83 A_WingsOfWrath
32 A_HealingComplete (Urn)
82 A_HealingHefty (Flask)
81 A_HealingWimpy (Vial)
10120 A_HealRadius
8000 A_Repulsion
86 A_DarkServant
36 A_ChaosDevice
33 A_Torch
10040 A_Banishment
8008 Ar_Amulet
8005 Ar_Armor
8007 Ar_Helmet
8006 Ar_Shield
114 C_Bishop
107 C_Centaur
115 C_CentaurLeader
10101 C_ClericBoss
31 C_Demon
8080 C_Demon2
254 C_Dragon
10030 C_Ettin
10100 C_FighterBoss
10060 C_FireImp
112 C_Fly
10080 C_Heresiarch
8020 C_IceGuy
10200 C_Korax
10102 C_MageBoss
Page 7
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 8
121 C_Serpent
120 C_SerpentLeader
34 C_Wraith
10011 C_Wraith2
8032 K_AxeKey
8034 K_CastleKey
8031 K_CaveKey
8035 K_DungeonKey
8033 K_FireKey
8200 K_GoldKey
8037 K_RustyKey
8036 K_SilverKey
8030 K_SteelKey
8039 K_SwampKey
8038 K_WasteKey
122 Mana_1
124 Mana_2
8004 ManaCombined
3000 PO_Anchor
3001 PO_StartSpot
3002 PO_StartSpot_Crush
1410 SE_Wind
10225 Spawn_Bat
10000 Spawn_Fog
10001 Spawn_Fog_a
10002 Spawn_Fog_b
10003 Spawn_Fog_c
113 Spawn_Leaf
10090 Spike_Down
10091 Spike_Up
1403 SS_Creak
1408 SS_EarthCrack
1401 SS_Heavy
1407 SS_Ice
1405 SS_Lava
1402 SS_Metal
1409 SS_Metal2
1404 SS_Silent
1400 SS_Stone
1406 SS_Water
9001 X_MapSpot
9013 X_MapSpotGravity
Page 8
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 9
8064 Z_ArmorSuit
77 Z_Banner
8100 Z_Barrel
8065 Z_Bell
8066 Z_BlueCandle
8061 Z_BrassBrazier
8103 Z_Bucket
119 Z_Candle
8069 Z_Cauldron
8070 Z_Cauldron_Unlit
8071 Z_Chain32
8072 Z_Chain64
8073 Z_ChainHeart
8074 Z_ChainLHook
8075 Z_ChainSHook
8077 Z_ChainSkull
8076 Z_ChainSpikeBall
17 Z_Chandelier
8063 Z_Chandelier_Unlit
8042 Z_FireBull
8043 Z_FireBull_Unlit
8060 Z_FireSkull
118 Z_GlitterBridge
10503 Z_LargeFlame_Permanent
10502 Z_LargeFlame_Timed
10501 Z_SmallFlame_Permanent
10500 Z_SmallFlame_Timed
140 Z_TeleportSmoke
116 Z_TwinedTorch
117 Z_TwinedTorch_Unlit
103 Z_VasePillar
54 Z_Wall_Torch_Lit
55 Z_Wall_Torch_Unlit
5 Z_WingedStatue
6 ZC_Rock1
7 ZC_Rock2
9 ZC_Rock3
15 ZC_Rock4
41 ZC_ShroomLarge
42 ZC_ShroomSmall1
44 ZC_ShroomSmall2
45 ZC_ShroomSmall3
52 ZC_StalactiteLarge
56 ZC_StalactiteMedium
57 ZC_StalactiteSmall
48 ZC_Stalagmite_Pillar
49 ZC_StalagmiteLarge
50 ZC_StalagmiteMedium
51 ZC_StalagmiteSmall
Page 9
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 10
8062 ZF_DestructibleTree
8068 ZF_Hedge
8104 ZF_ShroomBoom
39 ZF_ShroomLarge1
40 ZF_ShroomLarge2
46 ZF_ShroomSmall1
47 ZF_ShroomSmall2
8101 ZF_Shrub1
8102 ZF_Shrub2
29 ZF_StumpBare
28 ZF_StumpBurned
24 ZF_TreeDead
25 ZF_TreeDestructible
80 ZF_TreeGnarled1
87 ZF_TreeGnarled2
78 ZF_TreeLarge1
79 ZF_TreeLarge2
111 ZG_BloodPool
71 ZG_CorpseHanging
61 ZG_CorpseKabob
108 ZG_CorpseLynched
109 ZG_CorpseNoHeart
110 ZG_CorpseSitting
62 ZG_CorpseSleeping
8067 ZG_IronMaiden
65 ZG_TombstoneBigCross
69 ZG_TombstoneBrianP
66 ZG_TombstoneBrianR
67 ZG_TombstoneCrossCircle
63 ZG_TombstoneRIP
64 ZG_TombstoneShane
68 ZG_TombstoneSmallCross
93 ZI_IceSpikeLarge
94 ZI_IceSpikeMedium
95 ZI_IceSpikeSmall
89 ZI_IcicleLarge
90 ZI_IcicleMedium
91 ZI_IcicleSmall
8502 ZM_CandleWeb
8509 ZM_CleaverMeat
8508 ZM_GobletSilver
8507 ZM_GobletSmall
8505 ZM_GobletSpill
8506 ZM_GobletTall
8504 ZM_LgCandle
8500 ZM_LgStein
104 ZM_Pot1
105 ZM_Pot2
106 ZM_Pot3
100 ZM_Rubble1
Page 10
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 11
101 ZM_Rubble2
102 ZM_Rubble3
8503 ZM_SmCandle
8501 ZM_SmStein
8051 ZP_GargBrnzShort
8047 ZP_GargBrnzTall
8044 ZP_GargCorrode
76 ZP_GargIceShort
73 ZP_GargIceTall
8050 ZP_GargLavaBrtShort
8046 ZP_GargLavaBrtTall
8049 ZP_GargLavaDrkShort
8045 ZP_GargLavaDrkTall
74 ZP_GargPortalShort
72 ZP_GargPortalTall
8052 ZP_GargStlShort
8048 ZP_GargStlTall
88 ZS_Log
58 ZS_Moss1
59 ZS_Moss2
37 ZS_Stump1
38 ZS_Stump2
27 ZS_Tree1
26 ZS_Tree2
60 ZS_Vine
99 ZW_RockBlack
97 ZW_RockBrownLarge
98 ZW_RockBrownSmall
9003 ZZ_BigGem
9007 ZZ_Book1
9008 ZZ_Book2
9016 ZZ_CWeapon
9015 ZZ_FWeapon
9018 ZZ_Gear
9019 ZZ_Gear2
9020 ZZ_Gear3
9021 ZZ_Gear4
9006 ZZ_GemBlue1
9010 ZZ_GemBlue2
9005 ZZ_GemGreen1
9009 ZZ_GemGreen2
9012 ZZ_GemPedestal
9004 ZZ_GemRed
9017 ZZ_MWeapon
9002 ZZ_Skull
9014 ZZ_Skull2
9011 ZZ_WingedStatueNoSkull
Page 11
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 12
ÚÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
³ 4-0 ³ Hexen Script Language
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÙ
The Hexen Script Language is called the "Action Code Script", or ACS.
Each map has an ACS file that contains the scripts specific to that map. The
scripts within it are identified using numbers that the general special
ACS_Execute() uses. A script itself can call the ACS_Execute() special
(actually quite common), which will spawn another script that will run
concurrently with the rest of the scripts. A script can also be declared as
OPEN, which will make it run automatically upon entering the map. This is
used for perpetual type effects, level initialization, etc. The compiler
takes the ACS file and produces and object file that is the last lump in the
map WAD (BEHAVIOR).
To create a compiled ACS file from a text script, use the DOS command:
c:hexen> acs filename [enter]
This command will produce 'filename.o' from 'filename.acs'. The contents of
the output file (filename.o) can be directly used as the BEHAVIOR lump of the
map it's used with.
Map scripts should start with #include "common.acs", which is just...
#include "specials.acs"
#include "defs.acs"
#include "wvars.acs"
The file "specials.acs" defines all the general specials. These are used
within scripts just like function calls. The file "defs.acs" defines a
bunch of constants that are used by the scripts. The file "wvars.acs"
defines all the world variables. It needs to be included by all maps so
they use consistent indexing.
[4-1] Variables and their Scope
--------------------------------
There is only one data type ACS, a 4 byte integer. Use the keyword int to
declare an integer variable. You may also use the keyword str, it is
synonymous with int. It's used to indicate that you'll be using the
variable as a string. The compiler doesn't use string pointers, it uses
string handles, which are just integers.
Declaring a variable is simple. There are two "types" of variable - "str"
and "int":
Page 12
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 13
str mystring;
int myint;
or:
str texture, sound;
int i, tid;
* Note: You can't assign a variable in its declaration; you must give it a
value in a different expression.
The SCOPE of a variable is one of World-scope, Map-scope, or Script-scope.
- World-scope variables are global, and can be accessed in any map.
Hexen maintains [n] permanent globals, numbered 0-[n-1]. You must
assign one of the globals a name in order to access it, like this:
world int 5:Grunt;
This tells Hexen to reference world global number 5 whenever it
encounters the name "Grunt".
- Map-scope variables are local to the current map. They must be
declared outside of any script code, but without the world keyword.
These variables can't be accessed in any other map.
- Script-scope variables are local to the current script - they
can't be accessed by any other script or map.
Here's some code that shows the declaration of all three scopes:
world int 3:DungeonAccess; // World-scope
int mapTimer; // Map-scope
script 4 (void)
{
int x, y; // Script-scope
...
}
[4-2] Language Structure
------------------------
Here is a quick reference manual type definition of the language. It
ends with a description of all the internal functions.
Page 13
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 14
[4-2-1] Keywords
----------------
The following identifiers are reserved for use as keywords, and may
not be used otherwise:
break
case
const
continue
default
define
do
else
goto
if
include
int
open
printbold
restart
script
special
str
suspend
switch
terminate
until
void
while
world
[4-2-2] Comments
----------------
Comments are ignored by the script compiler.
/*
This is a comment.
*/
int a; // And this is a comment
[4-2-3] World-variable definitions
----------------------------------
world int
Page 14
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 15
world int
[4-2-4] Map-variable definitions
--------------------------------
Declares a variable local to the current map.
int
str
int
[4-2-5] Include Directive
-------------------------
Includes the source of the specified file and compiles it.
#include
[4-2-5] Define Directive
------------------------
Replaces an identifier with a constant expression.
#define
[4-2-6] Constant Expressions
----------------------------
decimal 200
hexadecimal 0x00a0, 0x00A0
fixed point 32.0, 0.5, 103.329
any radix
binary 2_01001010
octal 8_072310
decimal 10_50025
hexadecimal 16_00a03f2
[4-2-7] String Literals
-----------------------
Page 15
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 16
[4-2-6] Script Definitions
--------------------------
To define a script:
script
script
eg:
script 10 (void) { ... }
script 5 OPEN { ... }
* Note that OPEN scripts do not take arguments.
[4-2-6] Statements
------------------
[4-2-6-1] Declaration Statements
--------------------------------
Delcaration statements create script variables.
int
int
[4-2-6-1] Assignment Statements
-------------------------------
Assigns an expression to a variable.
Page 16
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 17
=
+=
-=
*=
/=
%=
* Note: An assignment of the form V
For example:
A += 5; is the same as
A = A + 5;
[4-2-6-2] Compound Statements
-----------------------------
{
[4-2-6-3] Switch Statements
---------------------------
A switch statement evaluates an integral expression and passes control to the
code following the matched case.
switch (
case
default :
Example:
switch (a)
{
case 1: // when a == 1
b = 1; // .. this is executed,
break; // and this breaks out of the switch().
case 2: // when a == 2
Page 17
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 18
b = 8; // .. this is executed,
// but there is no break, so it continues to the next
// case, even though a != 3.
case 3: // when a == 3
b = 666; // .. this is executed,
break; // and this breaks out of the switch().
default: // when none of the other cases match,
b = 777; // .. this is executed.
}
* Note for C users: While C only allows integral expressions in a switch
statement, ACS allows full expressions such as "a + 10".
[4-2-6-4] Jump Statements
-------------------------
A jump statement passes control to another portion of the script.
continue ;
break ;
restart ;
[4-2-6-5] Iteration Statements
------------------------------
while (
until (
do
do
for (
The continue, break and restart keywords can be used in an iteration
statement:
- the continue keyword jumps to the end of the last
iteration-statement. The loop continues.
- the break keyword jumps right out of the iteration-statement.
[4-2-6-6] Function Statements
-----------------------------
Page 18
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 19
A function statement calls a Hexen internal-function, or a Hexen
linespecial-function.
[4-2-6-7] Print Statements
--------------------------
print (
printbold (
s string
d decimal
c constant
[4-2-6-8] Selection Statements
------------------------------
if (
if (
[4-2-6-9] Control Statements
----------------------------
suspend ; // suspends the script
terminate ; // terminates the script
[4-2-7] Internal Functions
--------------------------
void tagwait(int tag);
----------------------
Page 19
HEXEN Specs v0.9 Page 20
The current script is suspended until all sectors marked with
void polywait(int po);
----------------------
The current script is suspended until the polyobj marked with
void scriptwait(int script);
----------------------------
The current script is suspended until the script specified by
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